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Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

Alan J. McCue, Jura Aponaviciute, Richard P.K. Wells, James A. Anderson

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 262-269 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1334-5

摘要： The addition of Au as a promoter/modifier for alumina supported Co catalyst has been studied by combined high temperature, high pressure Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and on-line gas chromatography. The combination of these tools permitted the state of the active catalyst surface to be monitored while following the elution of reaction products during the first 5–7 h on stream of the catalyst. The catalysts under study were a 10%Co/Al O and a 2.5%Au/10%Co/Al O Samples were characterised before use using Raman and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). During the initial stages of reaction, hydrocarbons were built up on the surface of the catalyst as monitored by FTIR and the nature and amount of these species were assessed in terms of CH /CH ratio and the density of these alkyl fragments by employing absorption coefficients for the individual components. The nature and reducibility of the Co particles were modified by the presence of Au while the later also shifted the CO/H balance by acting as an effective water-gas shift catalyst during the early stages of reaction. This characteristic was lost during reaction as a consequence of redistribution of the two metallic phases.

关键词： gold modified catalyst     conversion of synthesis gas    

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外加电场气相法制备纳米无机氧化物

庄清平

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第2期   页码 74-78

摘要：

气相燃烧法纳米无机氧化物粉体特征一方面取决于前驱体的水解反应速度和粒子的成核生长动力学， 另一方面受到燃烧反应器内物料的流动混合、热质传递等多种过程因素的影响。电场控制气相燃烧法制备纳米 无机氧化物是在原有的基础上外加电场，使火焰的轴向高度降低、径向宽度增大，形成厚度相对均匀的火焰层， 火焰温度梯度也随之增大，抑制粒子表面的生长和粒子之间的烧结，获得“粒径分布较窄的粒子和结构相似的 聚集体”。

关键词： 气相燃烧法     电场控制     火焰     纳米粒子     聚集体    

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Stability of Ni/SiO

Bettina Stolze,Juliane Titus,Stephan A. Schunk,Andrian Milanov,Ekkehard Schwab,Roger Gläser

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 281-293 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1568-0

摘要： Ni/SiO -ZrO catalysts with Ni loadings of 1 to 13 wt-% were prepared, characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, N sorption, temperature programmed oxidation, temperature programmed reduction, and tested for their activity and stability in the dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide at 850 °C, gas hourly space velocity of 6000 and 1800 h and atmospheric pressure. The SiO -ZrO support as obtained through a simple and efficient sol-gel synthesis is highly porous ( = 90 m ·g , = 4.4 nm) with a homogeneously distributed Si-content of 3 wt-%. No loss of Si or formation of monoclinic ZrO , even after steaming at 850 °C for 160 h, was detectable. The catalyst with 5 wt-% Ni loading in its fully reduced state is stable over 15?h on-stream in the dry reforming reaction. If the catalyst was not fully reduced, a reduction during the early stages of dry reforming is accompanied by the deposition of up to 44 mg·g carbon as shown by experiments in a magnetic suspension balance. Rapid coking occurs for increased residence times and times-on-stream starting at 50 h. The Ni loading of 5 wt-% on SiO -ZrO was shown to provide an optimal balance between activity and coking tendency.

关键词： Ni/SiO2-ZrO2     synthesis gas     dry reforming     coking     steaming    

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Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 288-302 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2055-9

摘要： Automated flowsheet synthesis is an important field in computer-aided process engineering. The present work demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be used for automated flowsheet synthesis without any heuristics or prior knowledge of conceptual design. The environment consists of a steady-state flowsheet simulator that contains all physical knowledge. An agent is trained to take discrete actions and sequentially build up flowsheets that solve a given process problem. A novel method named SynGameZero is developed to ensure good exploration schemes in the complex problem. Therein, flowsheet synthesis is modelled as a game of two competing players. The agent plays this game against itself during training and consists of an artificial neural network and a tree search for forward planning. The method is applied successfully to a reaction-distillation process in a quaternary system.

关键词： automated process synthesis     flowsheet synthesis     artificial intelligence     machine learning     reinforcement learning    

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卫星物联网：挑战、方案和发展趋势 Review

荀远阳,李思琦,张飞宇,洪岩,许可,陈立刚,刘松,李斌

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第7期   页码 945-963 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200552

摘要： 由于城市化和工业化的快速建设所带来的气体污染，气体传感器受到广泛关注。基于半导体金属氧化物（SMO）的气体传感器具有响应高、重复性好、稳定性好、性价比高等优点，已成为气体传感器领域极其重要的元器件。通常，具有规则结构和可控形态的材料表现出更稳定且可重复的性能。然而，由于微观世界的不可控性，在材料合成过程中纳米材料往往表现出不规则、不均匀等缺点。因此，具有规整结构的一维（1D）结构、二维（2D）结构和三维（3D）结构的气敏材料的合成受到广泛关注。为了定向获得具有理想形貌和尺寸的结构规整的纳米材料，低成本且操作简洁可控的模板辅助合成法是一种非常有效的策略。本文介绍了一维、二维和三维结构的SMO传感器的形貌和性能，讨论了各种形貌对气体传感器性能（响应和稳定性）的影响，为结构稳定、性能优异的气敏材料的合成提供了新的思路。

关键词： 气体传感器；化学式电阻器；模板法；纳米结构；维度    

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Effect of potassium carbonate on catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide at moderate temperature

Dejun SHI, Ke QIAO, Zifeng YAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 372-375 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0570-1

摘要： Calcium carbide was successfully synthesized by carbothermal reduction of lime with coke at 1973 K for 1.5 h. The effect of potassium carbonate as additive on the composition and morphology of the product was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Addition of potassium carbonate increased the yield of calcium carbide. The sample in the presence of potassium carbonate generated acetylene gas of 168.3 L/kg, which was 10% higher than that in the absence of potassium carbonate. This result confirmed the catalytic effect of potassium carbonate on the synthesis of calcium carbide. A possible mechanism of the above effects was that the additive, which was melted at the reduction temperature, dissolved CaO and so promoted the contact between CaO and carbon, which was essential for the solid-solid reaction to form calcium carbide.

关键词： calcium carbide     synthesis     catalysis    

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CO, N, and CO/N mixed gas injection for enhanced shale gas recovery and CO geological storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 428-445 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0865-9

摘要： In this work, using fractured shale cores, isothermal adsorption experiments and core flooding tests were conducted to investigate the performance of injecting different gases to enhance shale gas recovery and CO2 geological storage efficiency under real reservoir conditions. The adsorption process of shale to different gases was in agreement with the extended-Langmuir model, and the adsorption capacity of CO2 was the largest, followed by CH4, and that of N2 was the smallest of the three pure gases. In addition, when the CO2 concentration in the mixed gas exceeded 50%, the adsorption capacity of the mixed gas was greater than that of CH4, and had a strong competitive adsorption effect. For the core flooding tests, pure gas injection showed that the breakthrough time of CO2 was longer than that of N2, and the CH4 recovery factor at the breakthrough time (RCH4) was also higher than that of N2. The RCH4 of CO2 gas injection was approximately 44.09%, while the RCH4 of N2 was only 31.63%. For CO2/N2 mixed gas injection, with the increase of CO2 concentration, the RCH4 increased, and the RCH4 for mixed gas CO2/N2 = 8:2 was close to that of pure CO2, about 40.24%. Moreover, the breakthrough time of N2 in mixed gas was not much different from that when pure N2 was injected, while the breakthrough time of CO2 was prolonged, which indicated that with the increase of N2 concentration in the mixed gas, the breakthrough time of CO2 could be extended. Furthermore, an abnormal surge of N2 concentration in the produced gas was observed after N2 breakthrough. In regards to CO2 storage efficiency (Sstorage-CO2), as the CO2 concentration increased, Sstorage-CO2 also increased. The Sstorage-CO2 of the pure CO2 gas injection was about 35.96%, while for mixed gas CO2/N2 = 8:2, Sstorage-CO2 was about 32.28%.

关键词： shale gas     gas injection     competitive adsorption     enhanced shale gas recovery     CO2 geological storage    

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Study on a green synthesis of

Aixin WANG, Yuanbin SHE, Jing FAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 219-221 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0058-z

摘要： A novel method for the synthesis of -oxo-bis[tetraarylporphyrinatoiron] ([TRPPFe] O) based on the reaction between tetraarylporphyrinironchloride (TRPPFeCl) and H O in toluene was investigated in this paper. Three kinds of [TRPPFe] O were synthesized by this novel synthetic method, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

关键词： μ-oxo-bis[tetraarylphenylporphinatoiron]     green synthesis     water    

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A novel methodology for forecasting gas supply reliability of natural gas pipeline systems

Feng CHEN, Changchun WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 213-223 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0672-5

摘要： In this paper, a novel systematic and integrated methodology to assess gas supply reliability is proposed based on the Monte Carlo method, statistical analysis, mathematical-probabilistic analysis, and hydraulic simulation. The method proposed has two stages. In the first stage, typical scenarios are determined. In the second stage, hydraulic simulation is conducted to calculate the flow rate in each typical scenario. The result of the gas pipeline system calculated is the average gas supply reliability in each typical scenario. To verify the feasibility, the method proposed is applied for a real natural gas pipelines network system. The comparison of the results calculated and the actual gas supply reliability based on the filed data in the evaluation period suggests the assessment results of the method proposed agree well with the filed data. Besides, the effect of different components on gas supply reliability is investigated, and the most critical component is identified. For example, the 48th unit is the most critical component for the SH terminal station, while the 119th typical scenario results in the most severe consequence which causes the loss of 175.61×10 m gas when the 119th scenario happens. This paper provides a set of scientific and reasonable gas supply reliability indexes which can evaluate the gas supply reliability from two dimensions of quantity and time.

关键词： natural gas pipeline system     gas supply reliability     evaluation index     Monte Carlo method     hydraulic simulation    

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Advantageous mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I) selenide semiconductor, characterization, and properties

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 433-442 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2066-6

摘要： Copper(I) selenide-nanocrystalline semiconductor was synthesized via one-step mechanochemical synthesis after 5 min milling in a planetary ball mill. The kinetics of synthesis was followed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis and specific surface area measurements of milled 2Cu/Se mixtures. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure of Cu2Se with the crystallite size ~25 nm. The surface chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, whereby the binding energy of the Cu 2p and Se 3d signals corresponded to Cu+ and Se2– oxidation states. Transmission electron microscopy revealed agglomerated nanocrystals and confirmed their orthorhombic structure, as well. The optical properties were studied utilizing ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The direct bandgap energy 3.7 eV indicated a blue-shift phenomenon due to the quantum size effect. This type of Cu2Se synthesis can be easily adapted to production dimensions using an industrial vibratory mill. The advantages of mechanochemical synthesis represent the potential for inexpensive, environmentally-friendly, and waste-free manufacturing of Cu2Se.

关键词： Cu2Se     berzelianite     nanocrystalline semiconductor     mechanochemical synthesis     planetary ball mill    

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Biomass to dimethyl ether by gasification/synthesis technology

Tiejun WANG, Yuping LI, Longlong MA, Chuangzhi WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 330-339 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0121-y

摘要： Technical and economic analysis was done for the biomass to dimethyl ether (DME) technology to promote the gasification/synthesis route for biofuel production and its application as a fossil fuel substitute. The technology of biomass gasification/synthesis has obvious advantages, including production flexibility, environmental friendliness, economic feasibility, and application versatility. Biomass gasification/synthesis technology integrates bio-DME synthesis, fertilizer production, electricity generation, and waste heat utilization to convert waste biomass residues to DME for use as liquid petroleum gas, transportation fuel substitute, and chemical intermediates, which has been proven to be one of the most effective and clean biomass utilization routes. The 1000 t/a-scale demonstration plant has a bio-DME production rate of 6 to 7 / , biomass gasification efficiency of≥82%, once-through CO conversion of ≥70%, DME selectivity (DME/DME+other organic products) of ≥90%, and a total system efficiency of ≥38%. The demonstration plant also has self-sufficient steam and electricity supply. The 10,000tons/a-scale bio-DME production cost with or without feedstock subsidy is estimated to be 1968 Yuan/t and 2868 Yuan/t, respectively in China. Because of the limitation in biomass feedstock collection cost, massive and disperse commercial plants with a capacity of 10000 t/a bio-DME are more suitable for rural areas.

关键词： technical and economic analysis     biomass     dimethyl ether     gasification/synthesis    

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Multi-resolution texture synthesis from turntable image sequences

Xuedong WANG, Xiaojun WU, Xiaorong ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第1期   页码 72-80 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0305-8

摘要：

Texture synthesis and texture mapping are important technologies for rendering realistic three-dimensional scene. It has been widely used in virtual reality, urban modeling, 3D animation, gaming and other areas. In this paper, we propose a fast method to construct high quality texture map for multi-resolution texture synthesis from turntable image sequences. Given a 3D mesh model, we first get the projection relationship between 3D mesh and image sequences. We then use image sequences to construct a texture triangle for each 3D triangle mesh and get a global rectangular texture map for the whole mesh. Another approach to construct a texture map is using Stretch-minimizing mesh parameterization. Finally, we map the texture to mesh model to verify the quality of these two methods. The high performance of this method has been demonstrated in many real object models.

关键词： texture synthesis     multi-resolution     texture map     texture mapping    

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Kinematical synthesis of an inversion of the double linked fourbar for morphing wing applications

J. AGUIRREBEITIA, R. AVILéS, I. FERNáNDEZ, M. ABASOLO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第1期   页码 17-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0364-5

摘要：

This paper presents the kinematical features of an inversion of the double linked fourbar for morphing wing purposes. The structure of the mechanism is obtained using structural synthesis concepts, from an initial conceptual schematic. Then, kinematic characteristics as instant center of rotation, lock positions, dead point positions and uncertainty positions are derived for this mechanism in order to face the last step, the dimensional synthesis; in this sense, two kinds of dimensional synthesis are arranged to guide the wing along two positions, and to fulfill with the second one some aerodynamic and minimum actuation energy related issues.

关键词： morphing wing     structural synthesis     dimensional synthesis     geometrical kinematics    

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Seed-induced synthesis of functional MFI zeolite materials: Method development, crystallization mechanisms

Zhaoqi Ye, Hongbin Zhang, Yahong Zhang, Yi Tang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 143-158 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1852-x

摘要： As an important zeolite material, MFI zeolites, as well as their controllable synthesis, are of great interest in both basic and applied science. Among the developed synthetic approaches, the seed-induced method has gradually evolved into a facile, low-cost, and even green alternative to give zeolites the desirable physicochemical properties. In this review, we briefly summarize the development of seed-induced syntheses of diverse functional MFI zeolites, where the “living” seed crystals not only direct the formation of zeolitic framework but also function as special “templates” or “units” to fine-tune the zeolite materials with diverse sizes, shapes, compositions, morphologies and pore structures. Moreover, on the basis of their structural features and crystallization behaviors in seed-induced synthesis, we reveal the roles of seeds and discuss the related crystallization mechanisms including both classical and non-classical pathways. We also want to guide readers to investigate the structure-performance relationships between these functional MFI zeolite catalysts and suitable catalytic reactions.

关键词： seed-induced synthesis     MFI zeolite     synthesis mechanism     catalytic property    

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Life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of gas-to-liquid fuel pathway from steelmill off-gas in China by the LanzaTech process

Xunmin OU, Xu ZHANG, Qian ZHANG, Xiliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 263-270 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0263-9

摘要： The LanzaTech process can convert carbon monoxide-containing gases produced by industries, such as steel manufacturing, into valuable fuel products. The life-cycle analysis (LCA) of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from the LanzaTech process has been developed for a Chinese setting using the original Tsinghua China Automotive LCA model along with a customized module developed principally for the process. The LCA results demonstrate that LanzaTech gas-to-liquid (GTL) processing in China’s steel manufacturing is favorable in terms of life-cycle fossil energy and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 50% compared with the conventional petroleum gasoline. The LanzaTech process, therefore, shows advantages in both energy-savings and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions when compared with most bio-ethanol production pathways in China.

关键词： life-cycle analysis (LCA)     gas-to-liquid (GTL)     LanzaTech process    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

Alan J. McCue, Jura Aponaviciute, Richard P.K. Wells, James A. Anderson

期刊论文

外加电场气相法制备纳米无机氧化物

庄清平

期刊论文

Stability of Ni/SiO

Bettina Stolze,Juliane Titus,Stephan A. Schunk,Andrian Milanov,Ekkehard Schwab,Roger Gläser

期刊论文

Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning

期刊论文

卫星物联网：挑战、方案和发展趋势

荀远阳,李思琦,张飞宇,洪岩,许可,陈立刚,刘松,李斌

期刊论文

Effect of potassium carbonate on catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide at moderate temperature

Dejun SHI, Ke QIAO, Zifeng YAN

期刊论文

CO, N, and CO/N mixed gas injection for enhanced shale gas recovery and CO geological storage

期刊论文

Study on a green synthesis of

Aixin WANG, Yuanbin SHE, Jing FAN

期刊论文

A novel methodology for forecasting gas supply reliability of natural gas pipeline systems

Feng CHEN, Changchun WU

期刊论文

Advantageous mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I) selenide semiconductor, characterization, and properties

期刊论文

Biomass to dimethyl ether by gasification/synthesis technology

Tiejun WANG, Yuping LI, Longlong MA, Chuangzhi WU

期刊论文

Multi-resolution texture synthesis from turntable image sequences

Xuedong WANG, Xiaojun WU, Xiaorong ZHANG

期刊论文

Kinematical synthesis of an inversion of the double linked fourbar for morphing wing applications

J. AGUIRREBEITIA, R. AVILéS, I. FERNáNDEZ, M. ABASOLO

期刊论文

Seed-induced synthesis of functional MFI zeolite materials: Method development, crystallization mechanisms

Zhaoqi Ye, Hongbin Zhang, Yahong Zhang, Yi Tang

期刊论文

Life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of gas-to-liquid fuel pathway from steelmill off-gas in China by the LanzaTech process

Xunmin OU, Xu ZHANG, Qian ZHANG, Xiliang ZHANG

期刊论文